Biofilm bacteria are protected from negative environmental influence 7, they can disperse 8 and are highly resistant to antibiotics 9. Read this article to learn about the definition, characteristics, and other details of viruses. Viroids general characteristics and examples of diseases caused by viroids. Biology notes, outlines, diagrams, study guides, vocabulary, practice exams and more. This book does not bother the students with the details. Topics bacteria, genetics, molecular, books, yuq collection opensource language english. This will also help you to draw the structure and diagram of bacteria. Bacteria are the most abundant group of microorganisms in nature. To learn the techniques of gram staining, nigrosin staining and koh test.
The families and genera of the bacteria the first report of. The general lack of internal membranes in bacteria means these reactions, such. Unlike many organisms, bacteria have no natural death. Explore the structure of bacteria, classification of bacteria and its. They can infect animals, plants, and even other microorganisms. Bacterial classification, structure and function introduction the purpose of this lecture is to introduce you to terminology used in microbiology. Another fascinating feature of bacteria is their protective cell wall, which is. It can be found in soil, air, water, and living bodies. Food safety divided into causitive categories called. In addition, algae may occur in moist soil or on the surface of moist rocks and wood.
Use of a dissecting scope can aid in distinguishing between differing colony types. General characteristics of microorganisms beneficial used as. The major characteristics of bacteria are based on their size, shape and. To name the general structures, and polymers that make up bacterial cell walls. Using a sterile needle or small loop, pick individual distinct bacterial colonies. These wild viruses or bacteria are attenuated, or weakened, in a laboratory, usually by repeated.
Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Limited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of this publication. Essentials of medical microbiology apurba sankar sastry. They were first isolated in 1935 by emmy klienebergernobel, who named them lforms after the. Bacterial biofilm, as a sessile life form, ensures existence of bacterial life forms and it is a dominant phenotype in the nature over the free floating, planktonic form 6. On the basis of cell wall composition, bacteria are classified into two major group ie. The field is concerned with the structure, function, and classification of such organisms and with ways of both exploiting and controlling their activities. Here is a list of all the features which make this book the best one for studying microbiology. Plant viruses general characteristics and examples of plant diseases caused by viruses. General characteristics of viruses biology libretexts. Cover different classification schemes for grouping bacteria, especially the use of the gram stain 2. To use and relate the gram stain to the study of bacterial cell morphology, and as an important step in the identification of a bacterial species. General characteristics of bacteria and examples of phytopathogenic bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas and spiroplasmas. Viruses are infectious agents with both living and nonliving characteristics.
Unicellular algae occur most frequently in water, especially in plankton. The more similar a vaccine is to the diseasecausing form of the organism, the better the immune response to the vaccine. It was cyanobacteria in the archaean and proterozoic eras 2. Basic structure and general characteristics, diseases, medical biotechnology as well as the ecological role and economical use of bacteria. Morphology and classification of bacteria microbiology module microbiology notes 1. Characteristics and significance of microbial biofilm. The cell is complex in its makeup and its function. They lack organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, and they do not have the true nucleus found in eukaryotic cells. The structure for transfer of genetic material from the. The om is a distinguishing feature of gramnegative bacteria.
Essentials of medical microbiology pdf free download. The structure of a virus and how it infects a cell. Fungi general characteristics ppt free online biology. Bacterial cell, anatomy of the bacterial cell, microbial growth, microbial metabolism, sterilization, disinfection, inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis, mechanisms of antimicrobial drug action, inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis, pathogenicity and virulence, colonization and invasion, antigens including antigen. Outside, and closely covering this, lies the rigid, supporting cell wall. Causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment of various animal diseases introduction it is impossible to accurately estimate all the losses caused by livestock diseases, but the united states department of agriculture estimates that losses caused by mortality, reduced productivity, lower fertility, condemned prod. In this part of the article, you will be able to access the essentials of medical microbiology pdf instantly by using or direct links mentioned at the end of this article. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The general structure of a bacterium can be seen in figure 2. Algae live with fungi in lichens according to the whittaker scheme, algae are classified in seven divisions, of which.
Some bacteria can cause diseases for human, animals and plants. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Bacteria can be found in soil, water, plants, animals, radioactive waste, deep in the earths crust, arctic ice and glaciers, and hot springs. Bacteria definition, structure, diagram, classification byjus. The bacteria of a single species can be classified in different capsular serovars or serotypes based on the fine chemical structure of this polysaccharide. Lform bacteria, also known as lphase bacteria, lphase variants, and cell walldeficient cwd bacteria, are strains of bacteria that lack cell walls.
The essentials of medical microbiology apurba sankar sastry focuses on providing a good foundation in clinically important concepts and principles of microbiology. Following isolation of bacteria, students characterize the bacteria with household disinfectant products and antibiotics. In this article we will discuss about the structure of bacteria. Review the criteria for bacterial classification and identification discuss the principles underlying the biochemical, staining and molecular techniques used for classification, identification and diagnosis illustrate the clinical applications of these diagnostic techniques emphasize the clinical implications of proper.
Objectives to learn the technique of smear preparation. Microbiology, study of microorganisms, or microbes, a diverse group of generally minute, simple lifeforms that include bacteria, archaea, algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Furtado flores3 1virginiamaryland regional college of veterinary medicine, virginia tech, blacksburg, virginia, usa. Many structural features are unique to bacteria and are not found among. Properties and classification of microorganisms since the cell is the basic unit of all living things, you might think it is a simple structure. Live vaccines are derived from wild, or diseasecausing, viruses or bacteria. How fungal cell wall is different from the cell wall of other plants. Slayers have diverse but mostly poorly understood functions, but are known to. Bacteria are the earliest microorganisms on the earth. The branch which is deals with bacteria is known as bacteriology. Discuss the distinguishing characteristics of gram positive and gram negative.
Bacterial cell, anatomy of the bacterial cell, microbial growth, microbial metabolism, sterilization, disinfection, inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis, mechanisms of antimicrobial drug action, inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis, pathogenicity and virulence, colonization and invasion, antigens including. Cloning vectors cloning vectors are dna molecules that are used to transport cloned sequences between biological hosts and the test tube. Difference between gram positive and gram negative. Biology questions and answers form 3 high school biology. Bacteria lack the high degree of internal compartmentalization characteristic of eukaryotes. Bacterial classification, structure and function columbia university. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that. Module morphology and general properties of fungi microbiology 444 notes fig. Many scientists have spent their lives studying it. Bacterial hereditary material is found in the cytoplasm. Life sciences grade 11 biodiversity and classification of microorganisms. General characteristics, structure and taxonomy of viruses 6dec2004 g. Students learn and understand the significance of bacterial isolation in applied biotechnology. Using theses bacterial culture techniques students discover and isolate the bacteria present around us.
It is found everywhere on the planet,such as hot spring,deep ocean,deserts and even thrive inside our intestine. Viruses are ultramicroscopic, noncellular living particles, composed solely of a nucleic acid dna or rna core, surrounded by a protein envelope called capsid. A vector is used to amplify a single molecule of dna into many copes. A bacterium contains cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall. Viruses possess unique infective properties and thus often cause disease in host organisms. A virus is an infectious particle that reproduces by commandeering a host cell and using its machinery to make more viruses. Microbiology textbook pdf free download all books hub.
Ppt classification of bacteria powerpoint presentation. Capsule the capsule of most bacteria consists of a polysaccharide. Bacteria definition, shapes, characteristics, types. Fungi general characteristics ppt general characteristics of fungi ppt what are fungi. How mitosis in fungi is different from other eukaryotes. State 2 living and 2 nonliving characteristics of viruses. Discuss why bacteria can be cultivated on synthetic media such as nutrient broth whereas viruses cannot. Pathogens diseasecausing organisms that include bacteria, amoebas and viruses, as well as the eggs and larvae of parasitic worms. Bacterial cell morphology, staining reactions, classification of bacteria the protoplast is bounded peripherally has a very thin, elastic and semipermeable cytoplasmic membrane a conventional phospholipid bilayer. In fact, with a little introduction and basic concepts, students can understand the essence of each topic. The bacterium, despite its simplicity, contains a welldeveloped cell structure which is responsible for some of its unique biological structures and pathogenicity. Virus, infectious agent of small size and simple composition that can multiply only in living cells of animals, plants, or bacteria.
Flagella are driven by the energy released by the transfer of ions down an. In this lesson on viruses and bacteria we focus on the following. The external and internal characteristics of bacteria are a bit different from the rest of the organisms on the earth they are prokaryotic in nature meaning they are the earliest forms of the cell without a nucleus these characters make them immortal, omnipresent and also very versatile. General characteristics, structure and taxonomy of viruses. A virus is made up of a dna or rna genome inside a protein shell called a capsid. Comparison of prokaryot og eucaryot cells flageller without microtubuli with microtubuli endoplasmatic lacking present. Free bacteriology books download ebooks online textbooks.